Electromyography (EMG)

Electromyography (EMG) is a diagnostic test that measures the electrical activity of muscles. It helps determine how well a child’s muscles are responding to nerve signals. EMG is commonly used when a child has muscle weakness, pain, or unexplained muscle movement.

This test can help diagnose muscle disorders, nerve disorders or conditions that affect the connection between nerves and muscles. EMG is usually done in combination with nerve conduction studies (NCS) for a full evaluation of nerve and muscle health.

Reasons for Testing

An EMG may be recommended if a child has:

• Muscle weakness
• Muscle pain or cramping
• Twitching or muscle spasms
• Difficulty moving certain muscles
• Suspected muscular disorders or neuromuscular diseases

EMG can help diagnose:

• Muscular dystrophy or myopathies
• Nerve root injuries (radiculopathy)
• Neuromuscular junction conditions like myasthenia gravis
• Motor neuron diseases

What to Expect

A small, thin needle electrode is gently inserted into a muscle. This detects electrical activity both when the muscle is at rest and when it is in use. The test may be uncomfortable, but it is safe and typically well-tolerated. Only one muscle is tested at a time, and each insertion is brief. The total testing time depends on how many muscles are being evaluated, but it usually lasts 20-30 minutes.

After the Test

There is no recovery time needed after an EMG. Some children may have mild muscle soreness or bruising where the needle was inserted. This typically goes away within a few days.

Risks and Complications

EMG is a safe test with very few risks. Rarely, a child may experience:

• Mild soreness or bruising at the needle site
• A very small risk of bleeding or infection

EMG is a useful tool to help understand muscle function and guide treatment. It plays an important role in diagnosing conditions early, so your child can get the care they need.

When to Call the Provider

Contact your child’s provider if:

• The soreness lasts more than a few days
• There is redness, swelling, or drainage at the needle site
• Your child experiences new or worsening symptoms

Key Points

• EMG checks how muscles respond to nerve signals.
• It can help diagnose muscle and nerve-related conditions.
• It’s a safe, outpatient test with minimal discomfort and few risks.
• Results help guide treatment and next steps in your child’s care.