Learn more about leukemia by taking this quiz.
1. A person with leukemia has cancer in the blood and bone marrow that produces abnormal white blood cells-. Over time, the abnormal cells crowd out normal white and red blood cells, and platelets.
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Leukemia cells often don't fight infections like normal white blood cells do. Over time, they become so numerous that they interfere with the bone marrow's function. The bone marrow makes blood cells.
2. Leukemia is divided into 2 distinct types: acute, which progresses quickly, and chronic, which progresses more slowly.
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The disease is further divided by the types of blood cells it affects. Myeloid leukemia affects the myeloid cells; lymphocytic leukemia affects the lymphoid cells. The names of the 4 common types of leukemia are acute myeloid leukemia (AML), acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).
3. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is somewhat more likely to develop in people assigned male at birth than in people assigned female at birth.
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AML is slightly more common among people assigned male at birth. Experts don't know why. AML is one of the most common types of leukemia in adults. It's less common in children.
4. Exposure to high levels of benzene in the workplace can cause leukemia.
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In most cases, the cause of leukemia is not known. But certain environmental and genetic factors appear to increase the risk for the disease. These include not only exposure to benzene, but also exposure to high levels of radiation. This can occur either through wartime or disaster, or through medical radiation treatment; chemotherapy; smoking; and Down syndrome and other genetic diseases caused by abnormal chromosomes.
5. One possible symptom of acute leukemia is bruising or bleeding easily.
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This symptom is caused by a low level of platelets, which normally help the blood to clot. But it may also be caused by other disorders. Other possible symptoms of leukemia include:
- Fever or night sweats
- Frequent infections
- Lingering tiredness (fatigue)
- Headaches
- Pain in the bones or joints
- Swelling or discomfort in the belly (abdomen), from an enlarged liver or spleen
- Swollen lymph nodes
- Pale skin
- Unintended weight loss
6. Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) is more likely to occur in teens.
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It is more likely to occur in young children. The cause of ALL isn't known, but it occurs more often in white people. It also occurs more often in developed countries and in families with higher socioeconomic standing. Besides affecting young children, it also affects adults over age 50.
7. One aspect that makes chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) different from other forms of leukemia is a specific chromosomal defect that occurs in virtually all cases.
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This defect, called the Philadelphia chromosome, occurs only in leukemia cells, not the rest of the cells in the body. In CML, parts of chromosomes 9 and 22 switch places, an exchange called a translocation. Experts don't know why this occurs. Other chromosome changes are seen in some other types of leukemia, but these changes are not seen in all cases.
8. A person with acute leukemia is often considered cured if no evidence of the disease exists 1 month after treatment.
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Many healthcare providers don't consider acute leukemia to be cured until a person has no signs of disease for at least several years after treatment--and not all providers agree with even that definition. The goal of treatment for acute leukemia is complete remission: no trace of the disease. Treatment for both chronic and acute leukemia may be done with chemotherapy, targeted therapy, biological therapy, radiation therapy, or a stem cell transplant. People with an enlarged spleen may need to have their spleen removed. People with a chronic form of leukemia may not need treatment right away. When treatment is needed, it often can control the disease and symptoms. Chronic leukemia often can't be cured. But it can often be controlled for long periods of time.
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